THEORETICAL ASPECT OF THE INFLUENCE OF STANDARDS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Abstract

Davydenko H.V. THEORETICAL ASPECT OF THE INFLUENCE OF STANDARDS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Purpose. The aim of the article is to generalize the theory and practice of functioning of technical regulation and standards in international trade, as well as to determine their impact on producers and consumers.

Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory, scientific works of scientists, normative and legislative acts of Ukraine on standardization and international trade. The general development of theories of international trade and the use of standards is analyzed in the process of research on the basis of the historical approach, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis used to identify the influence of standards on the development of international trade, abstraction and synthesis, comparison and analogy when comparing the results obtained by researchers and establishing the possibility their use for conducting similar studies on the standardization of international trade.

Findings. It is established that international trade is an important and historically the first form of international economic relations, but in the current conditions, various barriers to trade are affected by its development and led to a tendency for non-tariff regulation to play an important role in international trade. It has been determined that the experience of the European Union shows us the basic principles of technical regulation, and the legislative base of the member states is based on national laws on standardization, conformity assessment and accreditation. It has been found that standards facilitate international trade, ensuring compatibility and interoperability of components, products and services, and bring benefits to producers and consumers in terms of cost savings, productivity and security. It is substantiated that it is impossible to determine whether standards have a positive or negative impact on international trade; on the one hand, their implementation can have a positive impact on technologically advanced sectors and, at the same time, have a negative impact on the raw materials sector. That is why harmonization and mutual recognition of standards are extremely important as it can significantly reduce the negative impact on trade.

Originality. The theoretical positions of the introduction of standards and technical regulators in international trade are considered in the article for the first time in the complex and the ways of their harmonization in the national legislation and practice are shown.

Practical value. The analysis of the theoretical provisions of the impact of standards on the development of international trade will help future researchers better understand the problems of using international standards and identify the place and role of government and public structures in this process.

Key words: standards; technical barriers; technical regulation; international trade; harmonization.