FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN ENERGY SAVING
Abstract
Dziadykevych Yu.V., Liubezna I.V., Hradovyi V.V. FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN ENERGY SAVING
Purpose. The aim of the work is to study the aspects of foreign experience in managing energy saving and energy efficiency of enterprises' production activities.
Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Common scientific and special research methods were used, namely: abstract and logical, deductive and generalization. Using the abstract and logical method, the main factors that influence the management of energy saving processes of energy efficiency of enterprises are outlined. With the help of deductive method, the directions, which promote increase of energy saving of production activity of enterprises, are analyzed. On the basis of generalization of scientific sources devoted to the problem of increasing energy saving and energy efficiency of industrial processes of enterprises, the possibility of introducing innovations aimed at the development, creation of new types of technologies and new organizational forms of production is researched. This will ensure the competitiveness of enterprises in both domestic and foreign markets.
Findings. It has been established that there are a number of barriers to efficient energy use, namely financial, managerial, administrative and legal and market. Energy saving should be the priority direction of the enterprise's economic policy. The strategic directions of Ukraine's energy and efficient policies should be: increasing the volume of oil and gas production on the basis of new technologies; modernization of transport infrastructure; diversification of energy resources; reducing the share of energy-intensive industries and shaping the outlook for energy saving in society. Considerable attention should be paid to renewable energy. This will allow demonopolizing of key segments of the energy market and ensuring its transparency and predictability, thus contributing to the rational use of energy resources. External factors have a significant impact on energy saving, in particular: regulatory framework, stability of the energy market, incentive measures by the state, lack of material interest of producers in implementing energy saving technologies and saving energy resources.
It is shown that in the industrialized countries of the world there is an increase in the energy sector in the structure of the national economy, as the constant rise in oil and natural gas prices leads to energy dependence on exporting countries. In particular, Germany solves this problem through energy saving and the use of a mixed energy supply system. In Sweden, the government encourages the use of renewable energy through the exemption of enterprises from energy taxes for a period of 5 years, subsidies for insulation of old houses, and simplification of permits for the construction of wind power plants. At the same time, the state also uses administrative management methods. It applies taxes, subsidies, subsidies, trades quotes and electrical certificates. The US Department of Energy is implementing a national energy policy and tackling a number of urgent energy challenges faced by the state, namely: the impact of high energy prices, environmental protection, increased energy supplies, increased energy efficiency and energy efficiency, increased use of renewable and alternative energy sources, development of energy infrastructure and energy security. In the EU, two approaches are used to finance energy efficiency measures. At first approach, the co-owners of multi-apartment buildings themselves decide to upgrade their housing in order to save heat and resources. Various mechanisms are used for this purpose, including state financing and bank loans. The second approach involves energy modernization through utilities or municipal institutions. In Bulgaria, measures for energy efficiency are paid from the state budget, and Lithuanian citizens pay them for their taxes. It is noted that the mass implementation of OASES in practice increases the loading of traditional power plants at night, reduces peak loads in power grids, does not require the construction of new hydroelectric power stations, promotes the introduction of renewable energy sources into production processes and life. The concept of “smart” energy should take into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian electricity sector.
Originality. It is proved that the main purpose of energy independence is energy conservation and encouragement to use new types of energy sources in all sectors of the country's economy.
Practical value. The introduction of high-energy and environmentally friendly energy sources into production processes will increase the efficiency of their work.
Key words: energy saving; energy efficiency; energy resources; renewable energy sources; economic instruments; foreign experience.
Keywords
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